{"id":20958,"date":"2026-10-15T13:58:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T06:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/?p=20958"},"modified":"2026-10-13T15:01:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T08:01:44","slug":"necrotic-enteritis-chickens-signs-risks-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/industry-news\/necrotic-enteritis-chickens-signs-risks-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens: Signs, Risk Factors, and Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Necrotic enteritis in chickens<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an intestinal disease associated with pathogenic strains of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clostridium perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The disease is of particular concern in broiler chickens and can cause significant losses by increasing mortality, reducing weight gain, and worsening feed conversion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, necrotic enteritis does not always present with severe diarrhea or mass mortality. Some flocks with subclinical disease may show only:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower-than-expected weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced flock uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased feed conversion ratio (FCR).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disease commonly develops when <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C. perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proliferates under favorable conditions, particularly when the intestinal mucosa has been damaged or the gastrointestinal environment has changed. Coccidiosis, diet quality, gut health, drinking water, and housing conditions may all contribute to increased risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Necrotic Enteritis Can Present in Two Very Different Ways<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>When disease is clinically apparent<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The flock may show:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lethargy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapid weakness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A sudden increase in mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some birds may die before obvious gastrointestinal signs are noticed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>When disease is subclinical<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The flock may not show obvious diarrhea or high mortality, but may develop:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Slower weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More undersized birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased FCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poorer feed efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Common factors that should be assessed<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regardless of how the disease presents, several factors should be reviewed together:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>coccidiosis \u2192 intestinal mucosal damage \u2192 diet \u2192 gut microbiota \u2192 feed and water quality \u2192 litter \u2192 housing conditions.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Detecting <\/b><b><i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i><\/b><b> in the intestine is not sufficient to conclude that chickens have necrotic enteritis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, because the bacterium may also be present in healthy birds. Diagnosis should combine flock condition, intestinal lesions, and relevant risk factors.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>1. What Is Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens?<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20946\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20946\" style=\"width: 1098px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20946\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1330262405-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Post-mortem examination of a chicken to assess intestinal damage associated with necrotic enteritis\" width=\"1108\" height=\"737\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1330262405-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1330262405-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20946\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Necrotic enteritis primarily damages the small-intestinal mucosa and may occur as acute or subclinical disease, with effects ranging from poor growth to rapidly increasing mortality.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Necrotic enteritis is a disease that damages the intestinal mucosa, primarily in the small intestine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disease may occur in two forms:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subclinical.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The impact may range from poor flock growth to rapidly increasing mortality.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The role of <\/b><b><i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clostridium perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a bacterium that is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gram-positive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anaerobic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capable of forming spores.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bacterium may be present in the poultry environment and in the intestines of healthy chickens without necessarily causing disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease is more likely to develop when:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pathogenic strains are present.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intestinal conditions favor bacterial proliferation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The intestinal mucosa is damaged.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The balance of the gut microbiota is altered.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some pathogenic strains are associated with <\/span><b>NetB toxin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but disease development does not depend on a single toxin alone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other factors must also be considered, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The condition of the intestinal mucosa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Characteristics of the bacterial strain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The gastrointestinal environment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock-management conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Why is the intestinal mucosa important?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under normal conditions, the intestinal mucosa and gastrointestinal microbiota help maintain a relatively stable environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the mucosa is damaged or the intestinal environment changes, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C. perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may have a greater opportunity to proliferate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Factors commonly considered include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Damage caused by coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in the gut microbiota.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased amounts of undigested nutrients reaching the intestine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Management factors affecting digestive health.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As disease progresses, the intestinal mucosa may become necrotic, reducing nutrient absorption.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>2. Signs of Necrotic Enteritis to Monitor in a Chicken Flock<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinical presentation depends on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease form.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severity of intestinal damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concurrent diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Acute form: birds may die rapidly<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Affected chickens may show:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed intake or complete loss of appetite.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lethargy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced activity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ruffled feathers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dull appearance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Standing or lying apart from the flock.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapid weakness.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One important warning sign is a <\/span><b>sudden increase in mortality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some birds may die before obvious gastrointestinal signs become apparent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, if mortality increases rapidly without a known cause, producers should not wait until the entire flock develops diarrhea before investigating.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Subclinical form: easier to overlook<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This form can be more difficult to detect because the flock may show no obvious signs of disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Possible changes include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower-than-expected weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced flock uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More slow-growing birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased FCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An increased FCR means that the flock requires more feed to achieve the same amount of weight gain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, increased FCR is not specific to necrotic enteritis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It may also be associated with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stocking density.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other gastrointestinal diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Management problems.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Can abnormal droppings help diagnose the disease?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chickens may develop:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loose droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wet droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in fecal color.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mucus in the droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, no single fecal color is specific enough to confirm necrotic enteritis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal droppings can also occur with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other intestinal bacterial infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diet-related digestive disturbances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assessment should therefore also consider:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock-management history.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>3. Where Are Necrotic Enteritis Lesions Usually Found?<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20948\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20948\" style=\"width: 966px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20948\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1340887748-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Post-mortem examination of a chicken to evaluate small-intestinal lesions caused by necrotic enteritis\" width=\"976\" height=\"648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1340887748-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1340887748-612x612-1-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20948\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Necrotic enteritis lesions are commonly concentrated in the small intestine, particularly the jejunum and ileum, and may include inflammation, necrosis, fibrin, and necrotic material on the mucosal surface.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intestinal lesions are an important part of the diagnostic assessment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesions are commonly concentrated in the <\/span><b>small intestine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly the:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jejunum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ileum.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Possible findings include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inflamed intestinal mucosa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Necrosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yellow or brown plaques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fibrin or necrotic material covering the mucosal surface.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal changes in the intestinal wall.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accumulation of fluid or gas in the intestine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foul-smelling intestinal contents.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some cases, fibrinous-necrotic material covering the mucosa may create a rough, carpet-like appearance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, not every case produces identical lesions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The severity and appearance of lesions may vary according to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stage of disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severity of infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concurrent disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Post-mortem examination should be performed by appropriately trained personnel and with suitable biosecurity precautions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>4. Why Can the Disease Not Be Diagnosed from Clinical Signs or Bacterial Testing Alone?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is an important distinction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clostridium perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may be present in the intestines of healthy chickens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Finding the bacterium in feces or intestinal contents does not mean that the flock definitely has necrotic enteritis.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnosis generally needs to combine:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinical signs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease progression within the flock.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intestinal lesions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supporting laboratory tests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evaluation of differential diagnoses.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In some situations, a veterinarian may recommend:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacterial culture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Histopathology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Staining of samples.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other appropriate tests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sample collection and interpretation of results should be based on the actual condition of the flock.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>5. Factors That Increase the Risk of Necrotic Enteritis<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Necrotic enteritis usually does not result from a single factor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk increases when several factors affect intestinal health at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Coccidiosis is one of the most important risk factors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eimeria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> species that cause coccidiosis can damage the intestinal mucosa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the mucosa is damaged:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intestinal protection is reduced.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digestion may be impaired.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conditions may become more favorable for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C. perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proliferation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis may occur:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sequentially.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Controlling coccidiosis is therefore an important component of necrotic enteritis prevention.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Feed quality and digestibility<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diet composition directly affects the intestinal environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain ingredients, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wheat.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Barley.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fish meal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have been reported to increase risk under certain conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this does not mean these ingredients are always unsuitable.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their impact depends on factors such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusion rate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ingredient quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digestibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall feed formulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stage of bird development.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed that is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moldy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contaminated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contaminated with harmful levels of mycotoxins.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">may also negatively affect gut health.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Litter and drinking water<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wet or dirty litter is not the sole cause of disease, but it may contribute to unfavorable production conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Particular attention should be paid to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Areas around drinkers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water lines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leakage points.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caked litter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poorly ventilated areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Stocking density and stress<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High stocking density can make it more difficult to manage:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moisture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hygiene.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stress associated with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Handling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unstable environmental conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">may also affect intestinal health.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, stress should not be considered the sole direct cause.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease assessment needs to consider the combined effects of multiple factors.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>6. Differentiating Necrotic Enteritis from Coccidiosis and Diet-Related Digestive Disorders<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20950\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20950\" style=\"width: 950px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20950\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-666072072-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Broiler chicken in a poultry house illustrating differential diagnosis of necrotic enteritis, coccidiosis, and diet-related digestive disorders\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-666072072-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-666072072-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20950\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Necrotic enteritis, coccidiosis, and diet-related digestive disorders can all cause reduced feed intake, abnormal droppings, and poor growth, so diagnosis should consider the underlying cause and intestinal lesions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All three conditions may cause:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, their causes and management approaches differ.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Feature<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Necrotic enteritis<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Coccidiosis<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Diet-related digestive disorder<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Cause<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pathogenic <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C. perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> strains together with favorable predisposing factors<\/span><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eimeria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> spp.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diet composition, quality, or dietary changes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Signs<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed intake, weakness, possible sudden death or poor growth<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed intake and diarrhea; some forms may involve blood<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in droppings, feed intake, and growth<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Lesions<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Necrosis of the small-intestinal mucosa, sometimes with fibrin<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intestinal lesions vary according to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eimeria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> species<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No single characteristic lesion pattern<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Course<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute or subclinical<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depends on the causative species and infection level<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depends on the nutritional cause<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Key point<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May develop following intestinal damage caused by coccidiosis<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May increase the risk of necrotic enteritis<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">May alter the intestinal environment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This table is intended only as general guidance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importantly, <\/span><b>coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis may occur together<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, so detecting coccidiosis does not rule out necrotic enteritis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>7. What Should Be Done When Necrotic Enteritis Is Suspected?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a flock develops:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Markedly reduced feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worsening FCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multiple weak birds.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the situation should be assessed early rather than simply changing feed or administering medication without evaluation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Step 1: Record the flock condition<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Date abnormalities began.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Number of birds showing signs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These data help determine whether the problem is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sudden.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or developing gradually over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Step 2: Check production conditions<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Review:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water source.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water leakage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent dietary changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent management changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Step 3: Correct clearly unfavorable factors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If there is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wet litter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water leakage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor hygiene.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inadequate ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">these issues should be addressed promptly where it is safe and practical to do so.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Step 4: Review coccidiosis risk<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History of coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current control program.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesions, where professionally assessed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Step 5: Contact a veterinarian<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining the cause should be based on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate diagnostic testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If samples are required, coordinate with a veterinarian or laboratory to select:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The correct samples.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The appropriate timing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proper storage and handling.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not independently:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administer antibiotics.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Change treatment protocols.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Copy medication from another flock.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase or extend medication.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For food-producing chickens, veterinary medicines must also comply with applicable conditions of use and withdrawal periods.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>When is immediate veterinary support needed?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seek veterinary assistance promptly when:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multiple chickens die suddenly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortality rises rapidly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed intake declines across a large proportion of the flock.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many birds become clearly weak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severe gastrointestinal lesions are suspected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another infectious disease is suspected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The condition continues to worsen despite environmental improvements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professional assessment should not be delayed simply to wait for litter replacement or dietary changes to take effect.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>8. Preventing Necrotic Enteritis Requires a Focus on Gut Health<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20952\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20952\" style=\"width: 957px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20952\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-2213697459-612x612-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Poultry worker monitoring broiler chickens in a commercial house to support gut health and disease prevention\" width=\"967\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-2213697459-612x612-1-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-2213697459-612x612-1-1-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 967px) 100vw, 967px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20952\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preventing necrotic enteritis requires a combination of coccidiosis control, feed and water management, dry litter, appropriate ventilation, and suitable stocking density to support gut health.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective prevention requires multiple measures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No single action can control every risk factor.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Control coccidiosis<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is one of the most important priorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farms should develop an appropriate program based on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease history.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veterinary guidance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a flock has previously experienced coccidiosis, the risk of necrotic enteritis should also be monitored rather than focusing on only one pathogen.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Keep litter dry and housing well ventilated<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regularly inspect:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drinkers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water lines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litter around drinking areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Damp areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventilation systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Routine measures should include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Managing wet litter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Repairing leaks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintaining appropriate ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cleaning drinkers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cleaning between production cycles.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Manage feed quality<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pay attention to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ingredient sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digestibility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusion rates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Storage quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycotoxin risk.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid unnecessary sudden dietary changes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If feed must be changed, the process should be appropriate for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutritional guidance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Manage drinking-water quality<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water is not only a basic requirement but also directly affects:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digestion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gut health.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water systems should be cleaned and inspected regularly.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Maintain appropriate stocking density<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stocking density should be compatible with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">House design.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventilation capacity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litter conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Management capacity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bird numbers should not exceed the house&#8217;s ability to maintain appropriate environmental conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>9. Monitor FCR and Flock Uniformity to Detect Problems Earlier<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subclinical necrotic enteritis may not produce obvious disease signs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring flock performance is therefore important.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parameters to observe include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daily mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Characteristics of droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litter condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Results should be compared with normal levels for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same breed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same production stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same production system.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Does an increased FCR definitely mean necrotic enteritis?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poorer FCR may also result from:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stocking density.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, when increased FCR occurs together with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced flock uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A history of coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gut health should be evaluated more closely.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>10. Daily Chicken-Flock Monitoring Checklist<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20954\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20954\" style=\"width: 937px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20954\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1455089641-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Poultry workers recording flock health observations during daily monitoring in a chicken house\" width=\"947\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1455089641-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/istockphoto-1455089641-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20954\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daily flock monitoring should include feed and water intake, weight gain, flock uniformity, FCR, mortality, droppings, litter condition, and housing conditions to identify abnormal trends early.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><b>Flock health<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has feed intake decreased?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are more birds lethargic?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are there slow-growing individuals?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has flock uniformity declined?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has mortality increased compared with the previous day?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Droppings and intestinal health<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are droppings looser than normal?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is mucus present?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are similar changes occurring in multiple birds?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is litter becoming wetter because of abnormal droppings?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Housing and water<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is litter caked?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is the water system leaking?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is ventilation appropriate?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has house temperature changed abnormally?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Feed<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has the feed recently been changed?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are there problems with ingredient storage?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has feed intake declined?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are there signs of mold or contamination?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data should be recorded daily so that trends can be identified rather than relying on observations from a single point in time.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Frequently Asked Questions About Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>What causes necrotic enteritis?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disease is associated with pathogenic strains of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clostridium perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, disease development usually also depends on predisposing factors such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intestinal mucosal damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gut microbiota.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Does detecting <\/b><b><i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i><\/b><b> mean the chickens definitely have the disease?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bacterium may be present in healthy chickens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnosis needs to combine:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laboratory testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Differential diagnosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Does diarrhea definitely mean a chicken has necrotic enteritis?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhea may also be associated with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digestive disorders.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Can chickens have necrotic enteritis without diarrhea?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some acute cases may cause rapid death before obvious gastrointestinal signs develop.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In subclinical disease, the main signs may only be:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poor weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced flock uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased FCR.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Is necrotic enteritis associated with coccidiosis?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis can damage the intestinal mucosa and create conditions that favor <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C. perfringens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proliferation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is why coccidiosis control plays an important role in disease prevention.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Can the disease be prevented through housing hygiene alone?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hygiene is necessary but not sufficient.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention should combine:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coccidiosis control.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drinking water management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Litter management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stocking density.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gut health.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock-performance monitoring.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Is increased FCR a specific sign of necrotic enteritis?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FCR is a production-efficiency indicator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many other factors may also increase FCR, so it needs to be assessed together with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock uniformity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Droppings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease history.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>From Abnormal FCR to Gut Health Management at VIETSTOCK 2026<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Necrotic enteritis does not always present with severe diarrhea or a clearly increased mortality rate. In the subclinical form, the first signs may sometimes be only <\/span><b>poor weight gain, reduced flock uniformity, and increased FCR<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, causing feed costs to rise before the farm recognizes an obvious disease problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For broiler farms, disease control therefore needs to go beyond responding to individual outbreaks. <\/span><b>VIETSTOCK 2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides an opportunity to explore solutions related to the many factors that interact to influence gut health, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nutrition and feed formulation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explore ingredients, additives, and solutions that support digestibility and are appropriate for different stages of flock development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coccidiosis control:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> review prevention and management approaches designed to reduce intestinal mucosal damage \u2014 an important risk factor for necrotic enteritis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gut health and microbiota:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explore solutions that support a stable gastrointestinal environment and flock resilience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water quality and litter management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> learn about solutions for reducing water leakage, prolonged moisture, and unfavorable hygiene conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Flock-performance monitoring:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explore technologies that help manage feed intake, weight gain, uniformity, FCR, and mortality to identify abnormal trends earlier.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disease also clearly illustrates the relationship between <\/span><b>coccidiosis, diet, the housing environment, and gastrointestinal stability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Prevention therefore requires a combination of measures rather than focusing on a single pathogen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those interested in exploring gut health in greater depth can also follow the <\/span><b>One Health Forum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>October 22, 2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Date:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> October 21\u201323, 2026<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Venue:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center \u2013 SECC, 799 Nguyen Van Linh Street, Tan My Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Event website:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VIETSTOCK 2026<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ers-vn.informa-info.com\/vs26\"> <b>Register to Visit VIETSTOCK 2026<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/uncategorized\/vietstock-2026-pre-registration-is-now-open-connect-with-the-future-of-livestock-production-and-animal-health\/\"> <b>Visitor Registration Information<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/event-news-en\/one-health-forum-at-vietstock-2026-advancing-sustainable-livestock-development\/\"> <b>Learn More About the One Health Forum<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/event-features\/vietstock-2026-shaping-the-future-of-the-livestock-industry-through-innovation-green-transition-and-competitiveness-enhancement\/\"> <b>Explore Innovation, Green Transition and Competitiveness at VIETSTOCK 2026<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Contact information:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Exhibiting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Sophie Nguyen \u2013 Sophie.nguyen@informa.com<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Group Delegation Support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Phuong \u2013 Phuong.c@informa.com<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Marcom Support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Anita Pham \u2013 Anita.pham@informa.com<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Necrotic enteritis in chickens may occur as acute or subclinical disease, ranging from reduced feed intake and sudden mortality to poor weight gain, lower flock uniformity, and increased FCR. Learn about intestinal lesions, major risk factors, coccidiosis, and practical prevention strategies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20959,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Necrotic Enteritis in Chickens: Signs, Risks &amp; Prevention<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the signs of necrotic enteritis in chickens, key risk factors, intestinal lesions, coccidiosis links, FCR changes, and prevention strategies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/tin-nganh\/viem-ruot-hoai-tu-o-ga-dau-hieu-nguy-co-phong-benh\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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