{"id":20251,"date":"2026-09-29T16:49:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T09:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/?p=20251"},"modified":"2026-09-29T16:49:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T09:49:02","slug":"lincomycin-veterinary-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/industry-news\/lincomycin-veterinary-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"Lincomycin in Veterinary Medicine: Characteristics, Scope of Use, and Antimicrobial Resistance Considerations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin is an antibiotic in the lincosamide class used in veterinary medicine to treat certain bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Unlike antibiotics with a relatively broad spectrum of activity, lincomycin has a more specific antibacterial spectrum, acting mainly against certain Gram-positive bacteria, many anaerobic bacteria, and susceptible <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycoplasma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria fall outside its appropriate spectrum of activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to its limited antibacterial spectrum, lincomycin has important species-specific safety considerations. Lincosamides can severely disrupt the gastrointestinal microbiota of certain herbivorous animals. For this reason, indications for pigs or poultry should not be extrapolated to horses, rabbits, ruminants, or other species.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin is also relevant to the issue of cross-resistance between lincosamides and certain macrolides through the MLSB mechanism. In addition, fixed lincomycin\u2013spectinomycin combination products are available for certain species and specific indications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, before using lincomycin, the question should not simply be:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhat diseases does lincomycin treat?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead, it is important to determine:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the suspected pathogen falls within an appropriate spectrum of activity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the animal species is authorised for that product.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the formulation and route of administration are appropriate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the animal is actually receiving the intended amount of medicine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether there is a risk of cross-resistance or treatment failure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How the withdrawal time should be managed before animals or their products enter the food chain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Lincomycin: 4 limitations to remember before use<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Antibacterial spectrum limitations<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin is active against certain Gram-positive bacteria, many anaerobic bacteria, and susceptible <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycoplasma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but it is generally not appropriate for most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, including many strains of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E. coli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salmonella<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pasteurella<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Species limitations<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides can cause severe disruption of the gastrointestinal microbiota in certain herbivorous species. Lincomycin use in pigs or poultry should not be extrapolated to horses, rabbits, ruminants, or other species unless the specific product permits such use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Combination and resistance limitations<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin\u2013spectinomycin is available as a fixed combination in certain registered veterinary products. This does not mean that farmers should purchase the two medicines separately and mix them independently.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin may also be associated with cross-resistance to certain macrolides through the MLSB mechanism. Therefore, failure with lincomycin does not necessarily mean that simply switching to a macrolide will resolve the problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Food-safety and withdrawal limitations<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Withdrawal time, restrictions on use in animals producing milk or eggs, and conditions for sale must be checked for the specific product being used.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>1. Where is lincomycin effective, and where are its limitations?<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20239\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20239\" style=\"width: 874px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20239\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-2210843660-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Laboratory researchers examining samples with a microscope\" width=\"884\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-2210843660-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-2210843660-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20239\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic with a relatively specific spectrum of activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and susceptible Mycoplasma.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin belongs to the <\/span><b>lincosamide<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> class of antibiotics, which differs structurally and mechanistically from beta-lactams and tetracyclines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In veterinary medicine, lincomycin commonly appears as <\/span><b>lincomycin hydrochloride<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in formulations designed for different species, routes of administration, and indications.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Mechanism of action<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin binds to the <\/span><b>50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, interfering with the protein synthesis required for bacterial growth and replication.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is generally described as a <\/span><b>bacteriostatic antibiotic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, although its effect may vary depending on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug concentration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacterial species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacterial load.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conditions at the site of infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment effectiveness also depends on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Susceptibility of the pathogen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drug concentration achieved in the target tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Condition of the animal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate use according to the indication.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Main spectrum of activity<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin is active against certain Gram-positive bacteria, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Staphylococcus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> spp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Streptococcus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> spp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain anaerobic bacteria may also be susceptible to lincosamides, including some strains belonging to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clostridium<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> spp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacteroides<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> spp.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, certain susceptible <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycoplasma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may fall within lincomycin\u2019s spectrum of activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, identifying a bacterial species or genus does not mean that every strain remains susceptible.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Important limitations against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin does not have an appropriate spectrum of activity against most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many strains within the following groups are generally not suitable targets:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E. coli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salmonella<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pasteurella<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is particularly important because respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in livestock may involve several pathogen groups at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coughing, diarrhoea, or fever does not automatically mean that lincomycin is an appropriate choice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin\u2019s relatively specific antibacterial spectrum should be understood before the medicine is selected. It should not be treated as a reason to add multiple antibiotics simply to \u201cbroaden the spectrum.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>2. Which clinical conditions may be appropriate for lincomycin?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should only be considered when the following conditions are met:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct animal species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct product.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct indication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The suspected or confirmed pathogen is expected to be susceptible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate professional assessment has been made.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should not be selected solely from a clinical sign.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Mycoplasma and respiratory disease<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In pigs, some lincomycin products may be authorised for respiratory diseases associated with <\/span><b><i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where the organism remains susceptible and the product carries an appropriate indication.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In poultry, certain formulations may also be used for some <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycoplasma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> infections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, antibiotic treatment does not necessarily eliminate infection or the carrier state completely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin therefore does not replace:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biosecurity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Control of breeding stock sources.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate vaccination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hygiene.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease surveillance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respiratory syndromes in livestock often involve several contributing factors, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Viruses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycoplasma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stocking density.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Air quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coughing or respiratory difficulty alone is therefore not sufficient justification for lincomycin use.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Certain intestinal diseases<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should not be used simply because an animal has diarrhoea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhoea may be associated with:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Viruses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parasites.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multiple interacting causes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain lincomycin products may be authorised for specific intestinal diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, some formulations may have indications for <\/span><b>necrotic enteritis in chickens caused by susceptible<\/b> <b><i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or for certain specific intestinal diseases in pigs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this should not be interpreted to mean that:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every gastrointestinal disease involving <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clostridium<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should be treated with lincomycin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every case of diarrhoea requires an antibiotic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detecting a bacterium within lincomycin\u2019s spectrum is sufficient to determine treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The indication of the specific product should always be checked.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Certain bone, joint, and deep-tissue infections<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides can distribute into several tissues, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soft tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bone tissue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Certain musculoskeletal tissues.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, good tissue distribution does not mean that lincomycin is a universal treatment for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arthritis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osteomyelitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Synovitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deep-tissue infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These conditions may involve many different pathogens, and lincosamide resistance may vary between bacterial strains.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should only be considered where:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The diagnosis is appropriate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pathogen is expected to remain susceptible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The product carries the relevant indication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veterinary assessment supports its use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a deep-seated infection does not improve, lincomycin should not simply be prolonged without reassessing the underlying cause.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Skin and soft-tissue infections<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain skin infections, infected wounds, abscesses, or soft-tissue infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria may fall within the indications of some products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, tissue distribution should not be used to assume that lincomycin is automatically appropriate for:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mastitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osteomyelitis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every abscess.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every infected wound.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The approved indication must be checked for the specific product.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>3. First determine whether lincomycin can be used in the species<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20241\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20241\" style=\"width: 918px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20241\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-924285308-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Veterinary professional examining a piglet in a clinical setting\" width=\"928\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-924285308-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-924285308-612x612-1-300x153.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20241\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lincomycin is used in certain veterinary products for pigs and poultry, but the target species, indication, and route of administration should always be checked for the specific product.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is one of the most important safety considerations for lincomycin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides can cause severe changes to the gastrointestinal microbiota of certain herbivorous species.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Pigs and poultry<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pigs and poultry are among the species commonly included in the indications of veterinary lincomycin products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on the formulation, the medicine may be administered:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through drinking water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through feed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By injection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As part of a combination product.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, not every product has the same:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Target species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indications.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dose.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment duration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Horses, rabbits, and certain herbivorous species<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides may severely disrupt the intestinal microbiota of susceptible species and may lead to enterocolitis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many products carry warnings or contraindications for species such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Horses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rabbits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guinea pigs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hamsters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinchillas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In these species, disruption of the intestinal microbiota may become severe and potentially life-threatening.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin use in pigs or poultry should therefore never be assumed to apply in the same way to these animals.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Cattle and other ruminants<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should not be treated as a general-use antibiotic for cattle or other ruminants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many products are not authorised for these animals because of the potential effects on gastrointestinal microbiota.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use should only be considered when:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The specific product is authorised for the species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The route of administration is appropriate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The indication is appropriate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The label does not list a contraindication.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For dairy cattle producing milk for human consumption, it is particularly important to confirm whether the product is authorised for use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the label states that the medicine should not be used in animals producing milk for human consumption, an independent withdrawal period should not be created to justify off-label use.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Pregnant animals and breeding stock<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A general conclusion should not be made that lincomycin is either safe or contraindicated in all pregnant animals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use should depend on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stage of pregnancy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinical condition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Safety information on the label.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likewise, lincomycin should not be used routinely in breeding stock for disease prevention without an appropriate indication.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Neonatal animals<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should not be broadly applied to neonatal animals because drug metabolism may not yet be fully developed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use should only be considered where:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The product permits it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The species and age group are appropriate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professional assessment supports treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>4. Lincomycin alone and lincomycin\u2013spectinomycin are not used in the same way<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A notable feature of veterinary medicine is the availability of fixed <\/span><b>lincomycin\u2013spectinomycin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> combination products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two active ingredients have different antibacterial characteristics and may be combined in registered products for particular species and diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, an important distinction must be made:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>A combination product that has been developed and registered does not mean that farmers can independently purchase separate lincomycin and spectinomycin products and mix them together.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>What should be checked when using a combination product?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Confirm:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The product is authorised.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct strength and combination ratio.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct treatment duration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct withdrawal time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin\u2013spectinomycin should not be treated as a universal combination for every:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respiratory disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gastrointestinal disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mixed bacterial infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Why should medicines not be combined independently?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mixing separate products without appropriate guidance may result in:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incorrect active-ingredient ratios.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incorrect total dosage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased risk of adverse reactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More difficult assessment of treatment effectiveness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Difficulty determining the correct withdrawal time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unnecessary antimicrobial exposure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any antimicrobial combination should have a clear professional basis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>5. Drinking water, feed, or injection: actual drug intake must be monitored<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20243\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20243\" style=\"width: 924px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20243\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-1344311896-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Chicken drinking from a water system on a poultry farm\" width=\"934\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-1344311896-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-1344311896-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 934px) 100vw, 934px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20243\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">When lincomycin is administered through drinking water or feed, actual consumption should be monitored to help ensure animals receive the intended amount of medicine.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin is available in several formulations depending on the product.<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common forms may include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Injectable solutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soluble powders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medicated-feed premixes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combination products.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An important principle is:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>A dose calculated correctly on paper does not necessarily equal the amount of medicine the animal actually receives.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is particularly important when treating groups of animals.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Administration through drinking water<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain products are designed for administration through drinking water in pigs or poultry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual medicine intake depends on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water consumption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease status.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature and housing conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Access to the water system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variation between individual animals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severely affected animals may drink less and therefore receive less medicine than expected.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The medicine concentration should not be increased simply to \u201ccompensate\u201d for this problem without appropriate guidance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Administration through feed<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain premix products may be administered through feed where this is consistent with the indication and applicable regulations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, sick animals often:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eat less.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consume feed unevenly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Receive insufficient medicated feed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual feed intake should therefore be monitored.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If animals are eating substantially less, the suitability of in-feed administration should be reassessed rather than assuming that every animal continues to receive the intended dose.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Injectable formulations<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only use injectable lincomycin when the product:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is authorised for the relevant species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permits the specific injection route.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has an appropriate indication.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An injectable formulation should not be extrapolated to another species or route of administration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>There is no single lincomycin dose for every situation<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dose depends on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Body weight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product strength.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosage form.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease severity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual water or feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not reduce the dose to save costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not increase the dose simply because the disease has not improved.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not apply the dose of one product to another.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do not apply the dose intended for one species to another.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>6. If lincomycin fails, do not immediately switch to a macrolide<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is an important consideration in lincosamide management.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin and certain macrolides have nearby or overlapping binding sites on the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common macrolides may include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tylosin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erythromycin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tilmicosin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If treatment with lincomycin fails, it should not be assumed that switching to a macrolide will necessarily resolve the problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>MLSB cross-resistance<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An important resistance mechanism is associated with genes such as <\/span><b><i>erm<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacteria may methylate the target site on the 50S ribosomal subunit, reducing the binding of certain antibiotics in three groups:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>M<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">acrolides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>L<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">incosamides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>S<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">treptogramin <\/span><b>B<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is known as the <\/span><b>MLSB resistance phenotype<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When bacteria carry this mechanism, lincomycin resistance may occur together with reduced susceptibility or resistance to certain macrolides.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Switching to a different antibiotic class does not necessarily mean that the bacteria will be susceptible, particularly when cross-resistance mechanisms are involved.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Other resistance mechanisms<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to ribosomal methylation, bacteria may resist lincosamides through other mechanisms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Efflux pumps<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain bacteria have systems that reduce intracellular drug concentrations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Drug inactivation<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain enzymes may modify or inactivate lincosamides.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Multiple resistance mechanisms<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A single bacterial strain may carry several resistance mechanisms simultaneously.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Treatment failure does not necessarily mean antimicrobial resistance<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If animals do not improve, other possibilities should also be assessed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incorrect diagnosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pathogen falls outside lincomycin\u2019s spectrum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disease is primarily viral.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Co-infection is present.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The animals receive an inadequate amount of medicine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feed or water intake has decreased.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The medicine was prepared incorrectly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biosecurity has not improved.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental conditions continue to create disease pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No single clinical sign can confirm lincomycin resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>When should bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing be considered?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Particularly when:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disease recurs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment does not produce the expected response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A previously effective regimen has become less effective.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The herd or flock has received lincomycin repeatedly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A switch to a macrolide or another antibiotic is being considered.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where feasible, bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing can provide additional evidence for selecting a more appropriate treatment approach.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>7. Safety and drug interactions: points to check before and during treatment<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20245\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20245\" style=\"width: 895px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20245\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-1256784917-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Veterinarian examining the health of a chicken\" width=\"905\" height=\"603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-1256784917-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-1256784917-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20245\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before and during lincomycin treatment, species-specific safety, gastrointestinal effects, drug interactions, and other treatment considerations should be carefully assessed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to species-related concerns, lincomycin has several other important safety and interaction considerations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gastrointestinal disturbances<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin may cause:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhoea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soft faeces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduced feed intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in intestinal microbiota.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In susceptible species, the consequences may be more severe and can progress to enterocolitis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Injection-site reactions<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some animals may experience:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swelling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local irritation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Hypersensitivity reactions<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some animals may develop allergic reactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If an animal has a known history of hypersensitivity to lincosamides, the product should not be used where the label lists this as a contraindication.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Animals with liver or kidney disease<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides undergo substantial hepatic metabolism, so animals with impaired liver function should be assessed before use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For animals with kidney disease or severe systemic illness, a single universal contraindication should not be applied across all species. Factors to consider include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severity of disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other medicines being used.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Potential effects on neuromuscular transmission<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides may have <\/span><b>neuromuscular blocking effects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under certain conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is particularly relevant when animals are also receiving:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anaesthetic agents.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muscle relaxants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain aminoglycosides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other medicines that affect neuromuscular transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medicines should not be combined independently in these situations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Lincomycin and macrolides<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should not be combined with a macrolide simply to broaden the antibacterial spectrum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to acting at nearby ribosomal sites, the two groups may also be linked through MLSB cross-resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Lincomycin and chloramphenicol<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both groups act on the 50S ribosomal subunit and may have overlapping target sites.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They should not be combined independently based on the idea that:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMore antibiotics mean stronger treatment.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concurrent use should be based on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate diagnosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pharmacological rationale.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Susceptibility assessment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professional guidance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>8. Managing lincomycin from treatment to sale<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Responsible antimicrobial use does not end with choosing the correct medicine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farms also need to manage:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual medicine intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medicine-use records.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Withdrawal time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Milk or egg restrictions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permitted sale date.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Before use<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the suspected pathogen is compatible with lincomycin\u2019s spectrum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the product is authorised for the species.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the species is listed under any product contraindication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product strength.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Withdrawal time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restrictions relating to milk or eggs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The herd or flock\u2019s antimicrobial-use history.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>During treatment<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmers should:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use the correct dose.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use the correct route.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow the recommended duration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitor water or feed intake when treating groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record clinical response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitor adverse reactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid adding other antibiotics without appropriate guidance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If feed or water intake decreases, the actual medicine intake should be reassessed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>At the final dose<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Record:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Date of the final administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exact product name.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treated animal group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Withdrawal time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earliest permitted sale date.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Before sale<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has the withdrawal period ended?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Was another medicine used with a longer withdrawal time?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are milk or eggs still subject to withholding?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Has the treated group been correctly identified?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are the records sufficient for traceability?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Lincomycin is not a routine disease-prevention or growth-promotion tool<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historically, certain antibiotics were used at low levels in feed to promote growth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This practice can increase the risk of:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selection of resistant bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Changes in microbiota.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greater AMR pressure from a One Health perspective.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Vietnam, the use of antibiotics in animal feed for <\/span><b>growth promotion is prohibited<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should not be used to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote weight gain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improve growth rate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compensate for inadequate nutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compensate for poor livestock-management conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, Vietnam\u2019s phased roadmap for <\/span><b>veterinary medicines containing antibiotics that had been authorised for disease prevention<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ended progressively by antimicrobial group, with the final transitional deadline on <\/span><b>31 December 2025<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, in 2026, farms <\/span><b>should not establish prolonged or routine in-feed lincomycin programmes for disease prevention<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The long-term objective should be to reduce disease pressure through:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vaccination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biosecurity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hygiene.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Appropriate stocking density.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Breeding stock management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Early disease detection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Frequently asked questions about lincomycin<\/b><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_20247\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20247\" style=\"width: 927px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20247\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-487437386-612x612-1.jpg\" alt=\"Lincomycin name displayed beside a stethoscope on a wooden surface\" width=\"937\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-487437386-612x612-1.jpg 612w, https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/istockphoto-487437386-612x612-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-20247\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frequently asked questions about lincomycin include its antibacterial spectrum, species limitations, combination products, and potential cross-resistance with certain macrolides.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><b>Which groups of pathogens are most relevant to lincomycin?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin is mainly active against:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain susceptible Gram-positive bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many anaerobic bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain susceptible <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mycoplasma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does not have an appropriate spectrum against most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin should therefore not be selected solely from signs such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coughing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhoea.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arthritis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fever.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The clinical condition, animal species, and specific product should be assessed before use.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Why should lincomycin not be used casually in horses or rabbits?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincosamides can severely disrupt the intestinal microbiota of certain herbivorous animals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In species such as horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, or chinchillas, this disruption can progress to severe enterocolitis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The contraindications of the specific product should therefore be checked, and experience from pigs or poultry should not be extrapolated to these species.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Can lincomycin and spectinomycin be mixed independently?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin\u2013spectinomycin is available in certain fixed combination products that have been developed and registered for specific uses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This does not mean that users should independently purchase:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spectinomycin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and mix them according to an estimated ratio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use the correct product for the correct species, disease, and route of administration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>If lincomycin fails, should farmers switch to tylosin or another macrolide?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This should not be assumed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lincomycin and certain macrolides may be linked through MLSB cross-resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If bacteria carry mechanisms such as ribosomal methylation mediated by <\/span><b><i>erm<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> genes, switching to another macrolide may still fail to resolve the problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When treatment fails, reassess:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnosis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pathogen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual drug intake.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Route of administration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biosecurity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potential antimicrobial resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be considered where appropriate.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Responsible Lincomycin Use and Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance Risk at VIETSTOCK 2026<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective lincomycin use depends not only on selecting the correct antibiotic, but also on identifying the appropriate pathogen, controlling actual medicine intake, monitoring treatment response, and observing the required withdrawal time. In particular, the potential for cross-resistance with other antibiotic groups shows why repeatedly changing or reusing medicines based only on previous experience can make antimicrobial resistance management on farms more complex.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At <\/span><b>VIETSTOCK 2026 \u2013 Vietnam\u2019s Premier International Feed, Livestock &amp; Meat Industry Show<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, farmers, veterinarians, and businesses can explore products, technologies, and solutions for animal health, disease prevention, and farm management. The event is expected to bring together more than <\/span><b>300 brands<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, over <\/span><b>10,000 sqm of exhibition area<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>13,000 trade visitors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from approximately <\/span><b>40 countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>For farms seeking more precise antimicrobial use and fewer repeated treatment courses, participants can explore solutions including:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Veterinary medicines and herd health management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> exploring products and solutions appropriate for different animal species, clinical conditions, and herd or flock health needs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> accessing technologies that support pathogen identification and provide stronger evidence when selecting or changing antibiotics.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Medicine-use record management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> exploring solutions that help record treatment history, medicines used, and recurrent disease cases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Residue control and traceability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> learning about approaches for managing withdrawal periods, identifying treated groups, and controlling animal-derived products before they enter the food chain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Disease prevention and reduced antimicrobial pressure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> exploring vaccination, biosecurity, nutrition, and environmental-management solutions that help reduce the need for antimicrobial treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>One Health Forum on 22 October 2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will also include in-depth content on <\/span><b>antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For those interested in lincomycin, the forum provides an opportunity to view the use of a specific antibiotic within the broader One Health context, where animal health, human health, and the environment are closely interconnected.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Date:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 21\u201323 October 2026<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Venue:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center (SECC), 799 Nguyen Van Linh Street, Tan My Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Event website:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Register to visit now<\/strong>: <a href=\"http:\/\/Register to visit now: https:\/\/ers-vn.informa-info.com\/vs26\">https:\/\/ers-vn.informa-info.com\/vs26<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/event-features\/vietstock-2026-pre-registration-is-now-open-connect-with-the-future-of-livestock-production-and-animal-health-2\/\"> <b>VIETSTOCK 2026 Visitor Registration Information<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udc49<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/event-features\/one-health-forum-at-vietstock-2026-advancing-sustainable-livestock-development\/\"> <b>Learn more about the One Health Forum<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Contact information:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Exhibiting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Sophie Nguyen \u2013 Sophie.nguyen@informa.com<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Visitor Support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Phuong \u2013 Phuong.C@informa.com<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span> <b>Marcom Support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ms. Anita Pham \u2013 Anita.pham@informa.com<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lincomycin is an antibiotic in the lincosamide class used in veterinary medicine to treat certain bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Unlike antibiotics with a relatively broad spectrum of activity, lincomycin has a more specific antibacterial spectrum, acting mainly against certain Gram-positive bacteria, many anaerobic bacteria, and susceptible Mycoplasma, while most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria fall &#8230; <a title=\"Lincomycin in Veterinary Medicine: Characteristics, Scope of Use, and Antimicrobial Resistance Considerations\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vietstock.org\/en\/industry-news\/lincomycin-veterinary-medicine\/\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Lincomycin in Veterinary Medicine: Characteristics, Scope of Use, and Antimicrobial Resistance Considerations<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20252,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.9 - 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